Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: the full journey, step by step

by Barrister Tahmidur Rahman | Oct 23, 2026

Case Journeys/Special tribunals

Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: the full journey, step by step

The consumer complaint process in Bangladesh runs under the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 along three tracks. A consumer can complain in writing to the Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection (DNCRP) within thirty days, after which officers hear both sides and can impose an administrative fine, a quarter of which is paid to the complainant.

Serious cases can be prosecuted before a Magistrate, and a consumer who has suffered loss can sue in the Joint District Judge's court for up to five times the proven damage, with appeals going to the Sessions Judge and the High Court Division respectively.

Step through it on the page
Check that the Act covers your problem
▶Play full screen15 steps · 7 what-ifs · 7 courts & offices
Where it starts
A written complaint to the Director General of DNCRP or an authorised officer (head office in Dhaka, or a divisional or…
Main law
Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 (Act No. 26 of 2009), especially ss.2, 20, 54, 57-71 and 76; Code of Criminal Procedure 1898…
Typical duration
1-3 months for a DNCRP complaint; 6-24 months for a criminal case; 1-3 years for a civil damages suit
Who can file
A consumer, a group of consumers with the same interest, a registered consumer organisation, the National Consumer…
Interactive journey · 15 steps

Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: walk through every stage

Press next, use your arrow keys or tap a court on the map. The gold marker shows where your case is, and the green trail shows the route it has taken. For the immersive version, play it full screen.

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  1. Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: step 1, Check that the Act covers your problem
    Step 1 · Before complaining

    Check that the Act covers your problem

    The Act protects a consumer, meaning a person who buys goods or hires services for a price, other than for resale or commercial purposes, plus someone using them with the buyer's consent and a person using them for self-employment. It covers the anti-consumer practices listed in section 2(20), such as charging above a fixed price, selling adulterated or expired goods, false advertising, failing to supply promised goods or services, and short weight or measure. Services include transport, telecoms, utilities, construction, hotels, restaurants and health care, but not free services.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: Same day · Law: s.2(19), (20) and (22) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Receipt, invoice or payment record, Product, packaging and label, Advertisement or offer relied on

    Tip: Keep the receipt. A complaint without proof of purchase is the hardest to win.

  2. Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: step 2, Gather evidence, including your own test
    Step 2 · Before complaining

    Gather evidence, including your own test

    Before filing, collect the evidence an officer will need: the receipt or online payment confirmation, photographs of the product and price tag, screenshots of an advertisement or listing, delivery records and any chat with the seller. Where you suspect adulteration or a counterfeit, section 76(6) allows you to have the product tested at your own initiative by a government or private laboratory and attach the results to the complaint. Keep the remaining product sealed, because a later criminal case may need a sample for official testing.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: 1-10 days · Law: s.76(6) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Photographs and screenshots, Laboratory report, if obtained, Delivery and courier records

  3. Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: step 3, File a written complaint within thirty days
    Step 3 · DNCRP complaint and hearing

    File a written complaint within thirty days

    The core of the consumer complaint process in Bangladesh is a written complaint to the Director General of DNCRP or an officer authorised by him. Section 60 says a complaint is not admissible unless made within thirty days of the cause arising, so the clock starts from the purchase or the failure complained of. The complaint should name the seller and address, describe what went wrong and attach the evidence. Section 20(4) allows requests to the Director General by fax, email or other means, and DNCRP accepts complaints at its offices and online.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: Within 30 days of the cause · Law: s.60 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.76(1) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.20(4) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Written complaint with name, address and phone, Copies of the receipt and evidence, National ID copy

    Tip: Do not wait for the seller's promises to run out. Thirty days pass quickly, and a late complaint is not accepted.

  4. Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: step 4, Alternatively, complain to the District Magistrate
    Step 4 · DNCRP complaint and hearing

    Alternatively, complain to the District Magistrate

    Outside Dhaka, or where it is more convenient, the same complaint can go to the District Magistrate. Section 69 gives the District Magistrate, within the district, all the powers and functions of the Director General under the Act, exercisable without the Director General's prior approval, and he can delegate them to an Executive Magistrate. Section 71(2) confirms that a consumer may complain to the Director General, an authorised officer, the District Magistrate or an authorised Executive Magistrate. The District Magistrate must report any action taken to the Director General.

    Where: Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate's office · Time: Within 30 days of the cause · Law: s.69 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.71(2) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Written complaint and evidence

  5. Step 5: Inquiry and notice to the seller
    Step 5 · DNCRP complaint and hearing

    Inquiry and notice to the seller

    On receiving a written complaint, the authority must promptly inquire into or investigate it under section 76(2). In practice an officer of DNCRP checks that the complaint is within time and within the Act, then sends notice to the seller and the complainant fixing a hearing date. Officers also have wider powers under the Act to enter premises, collect samples, seize goods and, for anti-consumer practices, order a shop or business to close temporarily. A trader who obstructs officers risks separate action.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: 1-4 weeks · Law: s.76(2) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; ss.21-28 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Hearing notice, Seller's written explanation

  6. Step 6: The hearing
    Step 6 · DNCRP complaint and hearing

    The hearing

    At the hearing, the complainant and the seller each explain their side and produce documents. The officer may examine the product, compare the price with any fixed or displayed price, and check labels, expiry dates and advertisements. Many sellers offer a refund or replacement at this stage, and the matter can end there. A complainant who fails to attend may see the complaint closed, so ask for a new date in writing if needed. Bring originals as well as copies, and the product itself where it is portable.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: One or two sittings · Law: s.76(2)-(3) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.70(1) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Original receipt and product, Seller's records

  7. Step 7: Administrative fine or other action
    Step 7 · DNCRP complaint and hearing

    Administrative fine or other action

    If the complaint is proved, the Director General or an authorised officer may, instead of prosecuting, impose an administrative fine, cancel the trade licence, or suspend the business temporarily or permanently under section 70(1). The fine cannot exceed the maximum fine for the offence in Chapter IV under section 70(2), and no imprisonment can be imposed in default under section 70(3). The trader must pay voluntarily within five working days.

    If not, the fine is recovered by attachment and sale under section 386(1)(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, plus a further twenty-five per cent as costs.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: Decision at or after the hearing; payment within 5 working days · Law: s.70(1)-(5) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.76(3) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; ss.37-56 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Written order imposing the fine, Payment receipt

  8. Step 8: Your 25 per cent share of the fine
    Step 8 · DNCRP complaint and hearing

    Your 25 per cent share of the fine

    Section 76(4) requires that, once an administrative fine has been realised, twenty-five per cent of the amount collected be paid immediately to the complainant. The share is payable only from money actually recovered, so the complainant should check that the seller has paid and collect the share from DNCRP, usually against a signature and ID. An officer or employee of DNCRP who files a complaint is not entitled to the share.

    This reward is separate from compensation: it is not a refund of the price, and a consumer seeking damages must sue in the civil court.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: On realisation of the fine · Law: s.76(4) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: National ID, Copy of the fine order, Receipt for the share

  9. Step 9: Starting a criminal case
    Step 9 · Criminal case

    Starting a criminal case

    A consumer cannot file a criminal case directly in a Magistrate's court under the Act: section 71(1) bars it. Instead, the complaint goes to DNCRP or the District Magistrate, and the authority decides whether to prosecute rather than fine. Under section 61, the Magistrate cannot take cognizance unless the charge document for the case is filed within ninety days of the complaint under section 60.

    Adulterated or fake medicines are excluded and must be prosecuted under section 25C of the Special Powers Act 1974, and offences carrying heavier punishment under special laws may go to a special tribunal.

    Where: Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Time: Within 90 days of the complaint · Law: s.61 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.71(1) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; ss.72 and 75 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Complaint, Charge document (abhijog patra), Seizure list and sample records

  10. Step 10: Trial before the Magistrate
    Step 10 · Criminal case

    Trial before the Magistrate

    Offences under the Act are tried by a Magistrate of the first class or a Metropolitan Magistrate under section 57, who may follow the summary procedure in Chapter XXII of the Code of Criminal Procedure under section 58. All offences under the Act are bailable, cognizable and compoundable under section 59, so many cases end in a compromise.

    Where a product defect must be proved, the Magistrate can seal a sample and send it to a laboratory, which must report within two months under section 62, and can ask the complainant to deposit the testing fee.

    Where: Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate's court · Time: 3-12 months · Law: ss.57-59 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.62 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; Chapter XXII Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 · Documents: Charge document, Laboratory report, Witness statements

  11. Step 11: Conviction, sentence and the complainant's share
    Step 11 · Criminal case

    Conviction, sentence and the complainant's share

    If the seller is convicted, the Magistrate may impose any punishment the Act allows under section 63, notwithstanding the usual limits on a Magistrate's fining powers in section 57(2). Penalties range up to three years' imprisonment and fines up to two lakh taka for offences such as counterfeiting or negligent services, and repeat offences carry double punishment under section 55. Goods may be confiscated under section 56. When a fine imposed in a regular criminal case is realised, the complainant again receives twenty-five per cent under section 76(5).

    No second trial for the same offence is allowed.

    Where: Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate's court · Time: On judgment · Law: ss.55, 56, 63 and 64 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; s.76(5) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 · Documents: Judgment and sentence, Fine realisation record

    Tip: A false or harassing complaint is itself an offence under section 54, so file only what you can prove.

  12. Step 12: File a civil suit for damages
    Step 12 · Civil suit for damages

    File a civil suit for damages

    The administrative and criminal tracks punish the seller but do not compensate the consumer. Section 66 confirms that a consumer harmed by an anti-consumer practice can also sue for civil relief, whether or not criminal proceedings have been started or the seller convicted. The competent court is the Joint District Judge's court with local jurisdiction, whatever the value, because section 66(5) overrides the Civil Courts Act 1887. Where the loss can be measured in money, the consumer may claim compensation of up to five times the assessed loss.

    Where: Joint District Judge's Court · Time: 1 day to file; summons in 1-2 months · Law: s.66(1)-(3) and (5) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; Order VII rule 1 CPC · Documents: Plaint, Court fees on the claim, Evidence of loss, Vakalatnama

  13. Step 13: Trial of the damages suit
    Step 13 · Civil suit for damages

    Trial of the damages suit

    The suit runs under the Code of Civil Procedure: summons, written statement, framing of issues, mediation where appropriate, evidence and arguments. The Joint District Judge reviews the plaint, the defence, the evidence and all the circumstances under section 66(4). The plaintiff must prove the anti-consumer practice, the loss and its money value. Medical bills, repair invoices, expert reports and the outcome of any DNCRP or criminal proceeding help. A DNCRP fine order is useful evidence but does not bind the civil court.

    Where: Joint District Judge's Court · Time: 1-3 years · Law: s.66(4) Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; Order XIV CPC; s.89A CPC · Documents: Written statement, Issues, Exhibits and depositions

  14. Step 14: Judgment and relief
    Step 14 · Civil suit for damages

    Judgment and relief

    Under section 67, the civil court may order the defendant to replace a defective product with a proper one, take back the defective product and refund its price, pay compensation of up to five times the proven monetary loss, and pay the costs of the suit. The court chooses any amount within the five-times ceiling that it considers just. The judgment and decree are drawn up in the usual way, and a certified copy is needed both for any appeal and for execution.

    Where: Joint District Judge's Court · Time: On judgment · Law: s.67 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009; Order XX CPC · Documents: Judgment, Decree, Certified copies

  15. Step 15: Enforcing the decree
    Step 15 · Civil suit for damages

    Enforcing the decree

    If the seller does not pay or replace, the consumer applies to execute the decree under Order XXI of the Code of Civil Procedure in the same court. The court can attach bank accounts and other property, sell assets by auction and, for an unpaid money decree, order civil detention after a show-cause inquiry. The general time limit for execution is three years under Article 182 of the Limitation Act. This step completes the consumer complaint process in Bangladesh when the aim is compensation rather than punishment.

    Where: Joint District Judge's Court · Time: 3-12 months · Law: Order XXI CPC; Article 182 Limitation Act 1908 · Documents: Execution application, Certified decree, Asset details

Branches · appeal, revision, review, reference, remand

What if…? How the consumer complaint process in Bangladesh can change course

Choose a scenario. The map animates the route up the hierarchy and, where a case is sent back, down to the lower court and up again.

Route of this scenario
UpRemand
Appeal · Magistrate → Sessions Judge

What if a party appeals the Magistrate's judgment?

  1. 1
    Metropolitan Sessions Judge / Sessions Judge

    Criminal appeal to the Sessions Judge

    Under section 65 of the Act, a party aggrieved by a Magistrate's judgment or order may appeal to the Sessions Judge with local jurisdiction, which in Dhaka means the Metropolitan Sessions Judge, within sixty days. The appellate court reviews the evidence and the law. Section 442A of the Code requires appeals to be disposed of within ninety working days from service of notice on the respondents, although this target is often exceeded.

    60 days to file; 3-12 monthss.65 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009s.442A Code of Criminal Procedure 1898

Where it ends up: The Sessions Judge confirms, alters or reverses the conviction or acquittal.

Revision · Sessions Judge → High Court

Can the appellate order be revised?

  1. 1
    High Court Division

    Criminal revision in the High Court Division

    After the Sessions Judge decides the appeal, a party may apply to the High Court Division in revision under sections 435 and 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The High Court Division examines the correctness, legality or propriety of the finding, sentence or order and the regularity of the proceedings below, but does not rehear the evidence as an appeal. A revision must also be disposed of within ninety working days of notice under section 442A.

    6-18 monthsss.435 and 439 Code of Criminal Procedure 1898s.442A Code of Criminal Procedure 1898

Where it ends up: The High Court Division upholds or corrects the order and sends it down.

Review · Joint District Judge → Joint District Judge

Can the same court change its own judgment?

  1. 1
    Joint District Judge's Court

    Review limits on each track

    In the criminal track, section 369 of the Code of Criminal Procedure stops a court from altering or reviewing a signed judgment except to correct a clerical error, so review is not a remedy. In the civil track, the Joint District Judge can review its own decree under section 114 and Order XLVII of the Code of Civil Procedure on new evidence, an error apparent on the record or another sufficient reason, if no appeal has been filed. The application is due within ninety days.

    90 days to applys.369 Code of Criminal Procedure 1898s.114 and Order XLVII CPCArticle 173 Limitation Act 1908

Where it ends up: Only a civil decree can be reviewed by the same court; criminal judgments go up on appeal.

Alternative route · Magistrate → High Court

Can a point of law be referred to the High Court Division?

  1. 1
    High Court Division

    Reference is not available here

    The old criminal reference provisions, sections 432 to 434 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, have been omitted in Bangladesh, so a Magistrate cannot refer a consumer case to the High Court Division. In the civil track, a reference under section 113 and Order XLVI of the Code of Civil Procedure is limited to decrees not subject to appeal, and a decree under section 67 is appealable to the High Court Division. Questions of law therefore go up by appeal or revision instead.

    Not applicabless.432-434 Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 (omitted)s.113 and Order XLVI rule 1 CPCs.68 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009

Where it ends up: Legal questions are taken up through appeal or revision, not by reference.

Remand · Magistrate → Sessions Judge → Magistrate → Sessions Judge

What if the Sessions Judge orders a retrial?

  1. 1
    Metropolitan Sessions Judge / Sessions Judge

    Conviction set aside and retrial ordered

    On an appeal from a conviction, section 423(1)(b) of the Code lets the appellate court reverse the finding and sentence and order the accused to be retried by a competent court subordinate to it. This happens where, for example, the laboratory report was never properly proved, a key witness was not examined, or the accused was denied a fair chance to cross-examine the prosecution witnesses.

    On judgments.423(1)(b) Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
  2. 2
    Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate's court

    Retrial before the Magistrate

    The case goes back to the Magistrate, who retries it in line with the Sessions Judge's directions, takes the evidence again where needed and delivers a fresh judgment. The complainant usually has to attend again as a witness, so keep the original receipt, the sealed product and any laboratory report safe throughout the case.

    3-9 monthsss.57-58 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009
  3. 3
    Metropolitan Sessions Judge / Sessions Judge

    Fresh appeal on the new judgment

    The fresh judgment is appealable again to the Sessions Judge within sixty days under section 65. The case can therefore move down to the Magistrate and back up to the Sessions Judge before it becomes final, and a further revision to the High Court Division remains available after that appeal is decided.

    60 days to files.65 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009

Where it ends up: The retrial ends in a new judgment that is open to a fresh appeal.

Leave to appeal · Joint District Judge → High Court → Appellate Division

How does a civil case reach the High Court Division and the Appellate Division?

  1. 1
    High Court Division

    Civil appeal only to the High Court Division

    Section 68 of the Act overrides the usual Civil Courts Act route: an appeal against the Joint District Judge's judgment and decree under section 67 lies only to the High Court Division, within ninety days, whatever the value of the claim. The High Court Division hears the appeal on facts and law and can confirm, vary or reverse the decree.

    90 days to file; 1-3 yearss.68 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009
  2. 2
    Appellate Division of the Supreme Court

    Leave to appeal to the Appellate Division

    Against the High Court Division's judgment in the civil appeal, or in a criminal revision, the losing party can file a petition for leave to appeal under Article 103 of the Constitution, normally within sixty days. The Appellate Division grants leave only on substantial questions of law, and its decision is final and binding on all courts.

    60 days to file; 1-3 yearsArticle 103 Constitution of BangladeshSupreme Court of Bangladesh (Appellate Division) Rules 1988

Where it ends up: The Appellate Division's decision is final and the decree is executed in the Joint District Judge's court.

Alternative route · DNCRP → High Court

What if a trader disputes a DNCRP fine?

  1. 1
    High Court Division

    No statutory appeal; writ petition instead

    The 2009 Act provides no appeal against an administrative fine imposed by DNCRP under section 70. A trader who says a fine was unlawful, for example because no hearing was given or the fine exceeded the statutory maximum, can file a writ petition in the High Court Division under Article 102 of the Constitution. A 2025 draft amendment proposes an appeal against DNCRP decisions; check whether it has been enacted before relying on it.

    File promptly; 6-18 monthss.70 Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009Article 102 Constitution of Bangladesh

Where it ends up: The High Court Division either upholds the fine or declares it unlawful.

Lower court to higher court

How the consumer complaint process in Bangladesh moves up the court hierarchy

The consumer complaint process in Bangladesh climbs three separate ladders. The administrative track begins and usually ends at DNCRP or the District Magistrate, with no statutory appeal against a fine; the only challenge is a writ petition to the High Court Division.

The criminal track starts with a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class, whose fining power under the Act is not capped by the usual Code limits; appeals go within sixty days to the Sessions Judge, which rehears facts and law, and then by revision on legality to the High Court Division. The civil track ignores the ordinary value thresholds: every damages suit goes to the Joint District Judge, whatever the amount, and section 68 sends appeals straight to the High Court Division within ninety days, bypassing the District Judge.

The High Court Division rehears civil appeals on facts and law. Above all three sits the Appellate Division, reached only with leave under Article 103.

  1. Appellate DivisionAppellate Division of the Supreme Court
  2. High Court DivisionHigh Court Division
  3. Appellate levelMetropolitan Sessions Judge / Sessions Judge
  4. First instanceMetropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate's court · Joint District Judge's Court
  5. Start · outside courtDirectorate of National Consumer Rights Protection · Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate's office
Courts & addresses

Where your case is heard

Addresses are for Dhaka. Every district has equivalent courts at its own district judgeship.

Appellate Division

Supreme Court of Bangladesh (Appellate Division and High Court Division)

Supreme Court of Bangladesh, Shahbag, Ramna, Dhaka-1000

Hears appeals, revisions, references, writ petitions under Article 102, company matters and death references (High Court Division), and appeals by leave from the High Court Division (Appellate Division).

Both Divisions sit in the Supreme Court complex; many High Court Division benches sit in the Annex Building. Check the daily cause list for the bench and court room. Postal contact is the Registrar General, Supreme Court of Bangladesh, Ramna, Dhaka-1000.

Appellate level

Court of the Metropolitan Sessions Judge, Dhaka

40-45 Johnson Road, Dhaka-1100

Tries sessions-triable offences from Dhaka metropolitan police stations and hears criminal appeals and revisions from Metropolitan Magistrates; Additional and Joint Metropolitan Sessions Judges also sit as Metropolitan Special Tribunals.

The Metropolitan Sessions Judge sits on the 2nd floor of the main building; Additional and Joint Metropolitan Sessions Judge courts are in the main building and the tin-shed building in the same compound. The Metropolitan Sessions Judge, Dhaka also holds the post of Senior Special Judge, Dhaka. Help line published by the court: 01335-145002.

First instance

Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Court, Dhaka

19 Johnson Road, Dhaka-1100

Takes cognisance of and tries criminal cases arising in Dhaka Metropolitan Police areas (Metropolitan Magistrate courts), hears bail, remand and FIR/complaint matters, and sends sessions-triable cases to the Metropolitan Sessions Judge.

Metropolitan Magistrate courts are spread over the CMM court main building (floors 2-9) and the CJM court building (courts 29-37 on the 8th and 9th floors). Check the court number on the cause list. Each metropolitan city (Chattogram, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Barishal, Rangpur, Gazipur) has its own CMM court.

First instance

Court of the District and Sessions Judge, Dhaka (Dhaka Judge Court)

Dhaka Judge Court premises, 16 Johnson Road, Sadarghat, Dhaka

Seat of the Dhaka District Judge and Additional District Judges (civil appeals, probate, district-level civil and sessions work outside the metropolitan area) and the civil courts of first instance (Joint District Judge, Senior Civil/Assistant Judge courts).

Official judiciary portal gives '16 Johnson Road, Sadarghat, Dhaka'. Many civil courts (Additional District Judge courts, Joint District Judge and Senior Assistant Judge courts, Artha Rin Adalat No.1, insolvency court) are in the new 8-storey District Judge Court building in the same premises. The 2026 judgeship list names the first-instance civil courts 'Senior Civil Judge' / 'Civil Judge' (formerly Senior Assistant Judge / Assistant Judge); some pages still use the old names. Every district has an equivalent court at its district judgeship.

Start · outside court

Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection (DNCRP), Head Office

TCB Bhaban, 1 Karwan Bazar, Dhaka-1215

Receives and decides consumer complaints and imposes administrative fines under the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009.

The official page gives this building for the National Consumer Complaint Centre, on the 12th floor (phone 02-55013218, nccc@dncrp.gov.bd). Complaints can also be lodged at DNCRP divisional and district offices.

Start · outside court

Office of the Deputy Commissioner (District Magistrate), Dhaka

Dhaka (exact address not confirmed)

District administration: land revenue and record-correction appeals, certificate cases, acquisition, executive magistracy and mobile courts for Dhaka district.

The official street address could not be read from dhaka.gov.bd (its contact pages did not load); the judiciary portal confirms office phone 02-223389786. Confirm the address before visiting. Every district has a Deputy Commissioner's office at the district headquarters.

Indicative timeline

How long each stage takes

These are indicative ranges based on typical Dhaka practice. Adjournments, case backlogs and appeals can stretch them.

Before complaining
0.1–0.5 months
DNCRP complaint and hearing
1–3 months
Criminal case
6–24 months
Civil suit for damages
12–36 months
Dark bar = faster cases · light bar = slower casesFirst-instance journey: 19.1–63.5 months · Overall: Indicative range based on typical Dhaka practice: 1-3 months for a DNCRP complaint; 6-24 months for a criminal case; 1-3 years for a civil damages suit
Prepare

Documents checklist and key terms

Tick off what you have. Your ticks stay saved in this browser. Bring the list to your first meeting with your lawyer.

DNCRP
The Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection, established under s.18 with its head office in Dhaka.
Anti-consumer practice
Any act listed in s.2(20), such as overcharging, adulteration, false advertising, short weight or selling expired goods.
Complainant
A consumer, group of consumers, consumer organisation, the Council, the Government or affected traders who file a complaint (s.2(3)).
Administrative fine
A fine imposed by DNCRP under s.70 without prosecution, capped at the maximum fine for the offence.
Complainant's share
Twenty-five per cent of a realised fine, paid to the complainant under s.76(4) and (5).
Abhijog patra
The charge document that must reach the Magistrate within ninety days of the complaint (s.61).
Compoundable offence
An offence the parties may settle with the court's involvement; all offences under the Act are compoundable (s.59).
Five-times compensation
The civil court's power to award up to five times the proven money loss (ss.66-67).
Questions

Consumer complaint process in Bangladesh: common questions

What is the time limit in the consumer complaint process in Bangladesh?
Thirty days from the date the cause arises, under section 60 of the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009. A complaint made later is not admissible. For a criminal case, the charge document must then be filed before the Magistrate within ninety days of the complaint, or the Magistrate cannot take cognizance under section 61.
How do I file a complaint with DNCRP?
Write a complaint addressed to the Director General of DNCRP or an authorised officer, giving your name, address and phone number, the seller's details, what went wrong and when, and attach copies of the receipt and evidence. You can submit it at a DNCRP office, by email or through the online complaint channel. Outside Dhaka, the District Magistrate can also receive it.
Will I get my money back through DNCRP?
Not directly. DNCRP punishes the seller with a fine, licence cancellation or suspension, and you receive twenty-five per cent of any fine actually realised. Many sellers refund or replace at the hearing to settle the matter. To recover your loss as of right, including up to five times the proven damage, you must sue in the Joint District Judge's court.
Can I file a criminal case myself in the Magistrate's court?
No. Section 71(1) bars filing a case under the Act directly before a Magistrate. You must complain to DNCRP, an authorised officer, the District Magistrate or an authorised Executive Magistrate, who decides whether to prosecute. Fake or adulterated medicines are prosecuted separately under the Special Powers Act 1974.
Which court hears a consumer damages claim?
The Joint District Judge's court with local jurisdiction, whatever the amount claimed, under section 66(2). The court can order replacement, refund, compensation of up to five times the proven loss, and costs. An appeal lies only to the High Court Division within ninety days under section 68, not to the District Judge.
Is the 25 per cent share paid in every case?
Only where a fine is imposed and actually collected, whether as an administrative fine or a fine in a criminal case. The share is twenty-five per cent of the amount realised and is payable to the complainant, but not where the complainant is a DNCRP officer or employee. A refund agreed at the hearing without a fine does not produce a share.
Can a seller appeal a DNCRP fine?
The 2009 Act gives no appeal against an administrative fine. A seller who believes a fine is unlawful can challenge it by writ petition in the High Court Division. A 2025 draft amendment proposes an appeal mechanism and wider e-commerce coverage, so check the current law. Sellers should also note that fines must be paid within five working days.
Can I be punished for complaining?
Only if the complaint is false or harassing. Section 54 makes it an offence to file a false or vexatious case to harass or publicly humiliate a trader or damage the business. Genuine complaints are protected and encouraged. Stick to facts you can prove with receipts, photographs and records when you use the consumer complaint process in Bangladesh.

Law and sources

  1. Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009, Laws of Bangladesh
  2. Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 (mirror text)
  3. Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection
  4. Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, Laws of Bangladesh
  5. Code of Civil Procedure 1908, Laws of Bangladesh
  6. Daily Observer: DNCRP complaint and fine statistics (25 July 2026)
  7. Centre for Policy Dialogue: Draft consumer law shows progress but lacks fundamental reform (2025)

This Case Journey is a general guide to procedure in Bangladesh as of October 2026. It is not legal advice. Procedure, fees and time limits change, and every case turns on its own facts. Timelines are indicative. Speak to a lawyer about your own matter.

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