Product Liability Law in Bangladesh 2026: Defective Goods Claims, Consumer Complaints and Compensation

Product liability law Bangladesh: the 2026 framework for defective goods

Product liability law Bangladesh courts and regulators apply is not found in one statute. A buyer injured by a defective appliance, a family made ill by adulterated food or a business sold a faulty machine must build a remedy from several laws: the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009, the Food Safety Act 2013, the BSTI Act 2018, the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023, the implied conditions in the Sale of Goods Act 1930 and the common law of negligence. Each has its own forum, its own deadline and its own measure of compensation, and the shortest deadline is thirty days.

This guide explains how those routes fit together in 2026. It covers who can be held liable, the offences and penalties for defective goods, how to bring a complaint to the consumer rights directorate and claim the 25 per cent reward, the civil suits that allow compensation of up to five times the loss, recalls and market withdrawal, collective claims and the reforms under discussion in 2025 and 2026. BSTI certification and medical negligence each have their own TRW guides, and this article links to them rather than repeating them.

Summary: Product liability law Bangladesh has no single statute. A consumer with defective goods can complain to the Directorate of National Consumers' Rights Protection within 30 days, sue in the court of the Joint District Judge for up to five times the assessed loss, sue in contract under the Sale of Goods Act 1930, or sue in tort for negligence. Unsafe food, medicines and cosmetics, and goods subject to mandatory BSTI certification are governed by their own laws, each with separate penalties, recall powers and courts.

Key point: Speed decides most defective goods cases. A complaint under the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 will not be accepted unless it is made within 30 days of the cause of action, and a case filed directly before a Pure Food Court under the Food Safety Act 2013 must also be brought within 30 days. Keep the product, the packaging and the receipt, and act within the first month.

At a glance

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Table of Contents

How product liability law Bangladesh applies is structured

Bangladesh has no equivalent of the European Product Liability Directive and no strict liability statute aimed at manufacturers. Instead, product liability law Bangladesh practitioners work with combines regulatory offences, statutory civil remedies, contract and tort. The regulatory statutes punish the seller or maker and, through their reward and compensation provisions, give the injured buyer a direct financial interest in enforcement. Contract and tort supply the ordinary private law claim for damages.

The practical consequence is that a defective goods claim is rarely a single action. A consumer with a dangerous product may lodge a complaint with the consumer directorate for a quick administrative fine, then sue for compensation in the civil court. A food business accused of selling adulterated goods may face a directorate fine, a Pure Food Court prosecution and a civil suit in parallel. Each step has to be planned against the others.

Who counts as a consumer

The Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 defines a consumer as a person who buys goods, other than for resale or commercial purposes, for a price paid in full or in part or under an instalment or deferred arrangement. The definition extends to a person who uses the goods with the buyer's consent, to a person who uses goods commercially to earn a living through self-employment, and to a person who obtains a paid service.[1] A household user who did not personally buy the product is therefore covered, but a business buying goods for resale is not, and must rely on contract.

Who can be liable

The Act defines "seller" to include the producer, manufacturer, supplier and wholesale and retail seller.[1] That is the key to product liability law Bangladesh consumers can use: the manufacturer and importer are within the Act's reach even though the consumer bought from a shop. The Food Safety Act 2013 goes further for companies, deeming the owner, directors, managers and directly concerned officers of a company to have committed an offence unless they prove it happened without their knowledge or despite due diligence.[5]

The Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 and defective goods

The Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 is the main statute for defective goods consumer rights Bangladesh buyers rely on. It establishes the Directorate of National Consumers' Rights Protection (DNCRP) under a Director General, gives the directorate powers of investigation, search, sampling and seizure, and creates a list of "anti-consumer rights practices" that are both regulatory wrongs and criminal offences.[1]

Anti-consumer rights practices

Section 2(20) lists the practices. Those most relevant to defective goods are knowingly selling adulterated goods or medicine; selling goods mixed with a substance whose use in food is banned and harmful to health; deceiving buyers through false or misleading advertising; failing to supply promised goods or services properly after payment; short weight and short measure; producing counterfeit goods or medicine; selling expired goods or medicine; and doing a prohibited act that endangers a service recipient's life or safety.[1] A product that is simply of poor quality, with no adulteration, misdescription or safety breach, may fall outside the list and be better pursued in contract.

Penalties for defective goods offences

Chapter IV sets the criminal penalties. Each is a maximum term of imprisonment, a fine, or both:[1] [4]

• Packaging and labelling failures (section 37): up to one year, a fine of up to Tk 50,000, or both.
• Knowingly selling adulterated goods or medicine (section 41): up to three years, a fine of up to Tk 2 lakh, or both.
• Mixing a prohibited harmful substance into food (section 42): up to three years, a fine of up to Tk 2 lakh, or both.
• Production by a prohibited harmful process (section 43): up to two years, a fine of up to Tk 1 lakh, or both.
• False or misleading advertising (section 44): up to one year, a fine of up to Tk 2 lakh, or both.
• Failing to supply promised goods properly (section 45): up to one year, a fine of up to Tk 50,000, or both.
• Counterfeit goods (section 50): up to three years, a fine of up to Tk 2 lakh, or both.
• Expired goods (section 51): up to one year, a fine of up to Tk 50,000, or both.

Sections 52 and 53 deal with acts endangering a service recipient and with negligence that causes financial loss, harm to health or death. They are most often used against service providers such as private hospitals, which TRW's guide to medical negligence in Bangladesh covers in detail.[1]

Administrative fines, closure and the 25 per cent reward

Most consumer cases end in an administrative fine rather than a prosecution. Section 70 allows the Director General or an empowered officer, independently of any criminal case, to impose a fine, cancel a trade licence, or suspend commercial activity temporarily or permanently. The administrative fine cannot exceed the maximum fine for the relevant offence, it must be paid within five working days, and imprisonment cannot be imposed for non-payment; an unpaid fine is recoverable by attachment and sale with a further 25 per cent as costs.[3] Section 27 separately permits temporary closure of a shop, factory or warehouse.[1]

The incentive for consumers is in section 76. If a complaint is proved and a fine is realised, 25 per cent of the amount realised is paid to the complainant, unless the complainant is an officer or employee of the directorate. The same share applies to fines realised in a regular criminal case.[3] On a Tk 50,000 fine, the complainant receives Tk 12,500.[13] The reward is not compensation for the loss, which must be claimed separately in the civil court.

How to bring a defective goods claim to the DNCRP

A directorate complaint is the fastest and cheapest first step in most defective goods consumer rights Bangladesh cases. Any consumer, or person likely to be a consumer, may lodge a written complaint with the Director General or an officer he has empowered, and the authority must investigate or inquire into it.[3] Since the directorate launched its online Consumer Complaint Management System, a consumer can file with a photograph and short description and receive a case number and hearing date.[13]

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The thirty-day limit

Section 60 provides that no complaint will be accepted unless it is made to the Director General or an empowered officer within 30 days of the cause of action arising.[2] For a defect that appears on first use, time runs from that date. For a latent defect, the complainant should be ready to show when the defect first became apparent. Section 61 adds that a Magistrate cannot take cognisance of an offence unless a charge sheet is submitted within 90 days, notwithstanding the Limitation Act 1908.[2]

No direct complaint to a Magistrate

A consumer cannot file a criminal case under the Act directly before a Magistrate. Section 71 requires the complaint to go to the Director General, an empowered officer, the District Magistrate or an Executive Magistrate empowered by the District Magistrate.[3] Where an offence under the Act is also a special offence carrying a higher penalty under another law, section 75 allows it to be tried under the Act, or sent to the relevant special tribunal if the directorate considers that more appropriate.[3]

Testing the product

Many defects cannot be proved by inspection. Under section 62, where a Magistrate considers that the truth of a complaint cannot be established without analysis, a sealed sample is taken from the complainant and sent to a laboratory, which must report within two months unless it asks for more time. The complainant can be ordered to deposit the testing fee first.[2] The directorate itself has limited laboratory capacity, so a consumer with a technical defect should consider commissioning an independent test early.

Medicines are handled differently

Section 72 lets the Director General investigate adulterated or fake medicine, but bars a case under the Act in a Magistrate's court; such cases are filed under section 25C of the Special Powers Act 1974.[3] The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023, discussed below, now supplies a dedicated regime and court for drug offences.

Civil compensation under product liability law Bangladesh: sections 66 and 67

A fine punishes the seller; it does not compensate the buyer. For compensation, product liability law Bangladesh offers a statutory civil suit that is more generous than an ordinary damages claim. Section 66 provides that no criminal proceeding or conviction under the Act bars an affected consumer from suing in a competent civil court, which is the court of the Joint District Judge with local jurisdiction.[2]

Compensation of up to five times the loss

Where the damage can be assessed in money, the consumer may claim compensation of up to five times the assessed amount, and the court may award any sum within that limit. Section 66 applies notwithstanding the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the Contract Act 1872 and the Civil Courts Act 1887.[2] The multiplier makes the section 66 suit the strongest civil route for a consumer whose provable loss is modest, such as the cost of a ruined appliance, a damaged vehicle part or medical bills after a minor injury.

Replacement, refund and costs

Section 67 gives the court specific powers. It may order the defendant to replace the defective goods with appropriate goods, to take them back and refund the price, or to pay compensation of up to five times the proven damage, together with costs.[2] A plaint should ask for each remedy in the alternative. Appeals from a decree lie only to the High Court Division, within 90 days.[2]

Filing practice follows the ordinary rules on plaints, court fees and service; TRW's guide to filing a civil suit in Bangladesh explains them. A pre-action legal notice demanding replacement or refund, and preservation of production and batch records, often prompts settlement and is useful evidence if it does not.

Food Safety Act 2013 and BFSA: liability for unsafe food

Food is the largest source of product safety cases in Bangladesh, and it has its own code. The Food Safety Act 2013 (Act No 43 of 2013), commonly called the Safe Food Act, established the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA) and repealed the Pure Food Ordinance 1959.[5] Sections 23 to 42 prohibit the use of poisonous substances, adulteration, sub-standard food, unapproved additives, expired food, misbranding, false labelling and misleading advertisement.[5]

Penalties under the Schedule

Section 58 attaches the penalties in the Schedule, with a heavier column for repeat offences. Using a toxic chemical, pesticide or harmful additive under section 23 carries four to five years' imprisonment or a fine of Tk 5 lakh to Tk 10 lakh, or both, and a repeat offence five years or Tk 20 lakh. Selling adulterated food under section 25 or sub-standard food under section 26 carries one to three years or a fine of Tk 3 lakh to Tk 6 lakh, or both, rising to three years or Tk 12 lakh on repetition.[5] These minimum penalties are considerably higher than those in the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009.

Duties along the supply chain

Section 44 places special liabilities on each link in the chain. A distributor or storekeeper breaches the Act if it supplies food after expiry, ignores the producer's storage instructions, erases safety information or identification marks, fails to give traceability information or knowingly handles unsafe food. A retailer is liable on similar terms, including for keeping expired food in a selling premises.[5] Section 60 makes the most serious offences, including those under sections 23 to 31, cognisable and non-bailable.[5]

Pure Food Courts and complaints

Offences are tried summarily by Pure Food Courts, which are first class or Metropolitan Magistrates' courts designated by the Government in consultation with the Supreme Court.[5] Any person, including a purchaser or consumer, may complain in writing to the BFSA Chairman, an authorised person or an Inspector, who files the case after a preliminary inquiry; alternatively, any person may file a case directly before the Food Court within 30 days of the act complained of.[5] Section 75 also allows offences to be tried by mobile courts, which is how most BFSA enforcement happens in practice.[5]

The 25 per cent incentive and civil compensation

Under section 62, where a Food Court convicts and fines an offender, the complainant is entitled to 25 per cent of the fine as an incentive, unless the complainant works for the Authority.[5] Section 76 mirrors the consumer law civil remedy: an affected consumer may sue in a competent court for compensation of up to five times the assessed loss, overriding the Code of Civil Procedure, the Contract Act and the Civil Courts Act, with an appeal to the District Judge within 90 days under section 77.[5]

Administrative inquiry

Section 78 offers a non-criminal route. A person with a complaint about the purity of food may apply to the Authority, which must inquire within 30 days and direct the producer or seller what to do. Failure to comply can attract an administrative fine of up to Tk 3 lakh, although this power is not available for the serious offences in sections 23 to 31, 33 to 35 and 37. An appeal lies to the Government within 30 days.[5] Any person may also have a food sample tested by a Food Analyst on payment of the prescribed fee under section 46.[5]

BSTI Act 2018: mandatory certification and product liability

For a large list of manufactured and imported products, liability starts with certification. The Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution Act 2018 prohibits use of the BSTI standard mark without a licence, empowers the Government to prohibit the sale, distribution and commercial advertising of goods that do not meet mandatory standards, and allows offences to be tried by mobile courts. It also provides for forfeiture of goods and closure of factories.[6] Section 3 states that the Act does not affect remedies under other laws, so BSTI enforcement runs alongside consumer and civil claims.[6]

The mandatory list, the CM licence process, import clearance and BSTI's own penalties are explained in TRW's guide to BSTI certification in Bangladesh. For product liability purposes, the point is evidential: the absence of a required BSTI licence, or a failed BSTI test, is powerful evidence that a product was not fit to be sold, and BSTI test results have been the trigger for High Court Division recall orders.[11]

Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023: medicines and cosmetics

The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023 (Act No 29 of 2023), dated 18 September 2023, repealed the Drugs Act 1940 and the Drugs (Control) Ordinance 1982.[7] It requires licences to manufacture, sell, store, distribute or display drugs, registration and marketing authorisation for each drug, and, for the first time, licensing and registration of cosmetics.[7] When it was passed in Parliament on 7 September 2023, the maximum penalty for producing fake medicine or manufacturing medicine without registration rose to life imprisonment and a fine of Tk 10 lakh, from three years and Tk 2 lakh under the old law, and selling antibiotics without a registered doctor's prescription became punishable by a Tk 20,000 fine.[8]

Two provisions matter most for injured patients and consumers. Section 26 empowers the licensing authority to order substandard drugs, or drugs whose registration has been cancelled or suspended, to be recalled from the market and destroyed, and to halt sale immediately if a registered drug causes harmful reactions.[7] And the Act provides for a dedicated Drug Court, defined by reference to section 62, with a separate court in each district.[7] [8] A patient harmed by a defective medicine will still need a civil suit in tort or under the consumer law for compensation.

Sale of Goods Act 1930: implied warranties for defective goods

Where the buyer is a business, or the defect is a question of quality rather than safety, the Sale of Goods Act 1930 (Act No III of 1930) is usually the better foundation.[9] It is also the foundation of every defective goods contract claim, whether or not the buyer is a consumer. The Act distinguishes conditions, which are essential to the main purpose of the contract and entitle the buyer to reject the goods, from warranties, which are collateral and sound only in damages.[9]

Fitness for purpose and merchantable quality

Section 16 begins from caveat emptor: there is no implied condition as to quality or fitness, subject to exceptions that do most of the work. Where the buyer makes known the particular purpose for which goods are required, so as to show reliance on the seller's skill or judgment, and the goods are of a description the seller supplies in the course of business, there is an implied condition that they are reasonably fit for that purpose. Where goods are bought by description from a seller who deals in them, there is an implied condition that they are of merchantable quality, except for defects an examination by the buyer ought to have revealed.[9]

Two limits are commonly overlooked. The fitness condition does not apply to a specified article sold under its patent or trade name, and an express warranty does not displace an implied condition unless the two are inconsistent.[9] Section 15 adds an implied condition that goods sold by description correspond with the description, and section 17 implies conditions in a sale by sample.[9]

Exclusion clauses and remedies

Under section 62, implied terms may be negatived or varied by express agreement, by the course of dealing or by a usage binding both parties.[9] Business sellers therefore routinely limit their liability, and a buyer must read the warranty card and terms before relying on section 16. Where a condition is breached but the buyer has accepted the goods, section 13 allows or requires the breach to be treated as a breach of warranty. Section 59 then lets the buyer set off the breach against the price or sue for damages, and sue again for further loss.[9]

Business buyers should note that commercial disputes, including sale of goods disputes between traders, are now heard by the specialist commercial courts under the Commercial Courts Act 2026 (Act No 23 of 2026). TRW's guide to breach of contract in Bangladesh covers damages and the commercial courts in detail.

Tort claims for negligence in defective products

Where the injured person has no contract with the manufacturer, or the loss is personal injury, the claim lies in negligence, the oldest strand of product liability law Bangladesh recognises. The law of tort in Bangladesh is uncodified and follows common law principles: the claimant must show that the manufacturer or supplier owed a duty of care to the ultimate user, breached it by making or supplying an unsafe product, and caused the injury or damage. Unlike the statutory remedies, a tort claim has no five-times multiplier, but it also has no ceiling, and it reaches defendants and losses the regulatory statutes do not.

Building the negligence case

The decisive evidence is usually technical. A claimant should preserve the product in the condition it failed, keep the packaging and batch number, photograph the defect and the injury, and obtain an independent expert report on the cause. Regulatory findings help: a BSTI test failure, a BFSA laboratory result or a directorate fine for the same batch can be produced in the civil suit. Where several parties are in the chain, the manufacturer, importer and seller should all be joined, because the evidence will often not show where the defect entered until disclosure.

Limitation periods

Time limits under the Limitation Act 1908 are short. A suit for compensation for an injury to the person must be filed within one year from when the injury is committed. A suit for compensation for malfeasance, misfeasance or non-feasance not otherwise provided for has two years. A claim for breach of a contract, express or implied, not in a registered writing has three years from the breach.[10] Claims after a death, under the Fatal Accidents Act 1855, are explained in TRW's medical negligence guide.

Product recalls under product liability law Bangladesh

Bangladesh has no general product recall statute, but sector laws fill much of the gap. The Food Safety Act 2013 is the most developed. Under section 43, a food business that has reason to believe its food does not meet the prescribed standard, or contains a contaminant or hazardous matter, must disclose the matter and the reasons to the public, inform the authority and immediately withdraw the food from the market or consumers. The Authority may also order a withdrawal, and the business must comply.[5]

For medicines, section 26 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023 provides for recall, destruction and halting of sale.[7] For other goods, section 29 of the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 lets the Government restrict the production and sale of goods harmful to health, and the BSTI Act 2018 allows sale and distribution of non-compliant goods to be prohibited.[1] [6]

Court-ordered withdrawal

When regulators fail to act, the High Court Division can order a recall in writ proceedings. On 12 May 2019, on a petition by the Conscious Consumers Society, the High Court Division directed BSTI, BFSA and the DNCRP to withdraw from the market 52 food products that BSTI tests had found substandard or adulterated, and to stop their production until they met BSTI standards. The petition followed a legal notice that the authorities had not acted on.[11] For manufacturers, the lesson is that a failed regulatory test can lead to a court-ordered recall, so a voluntary withdrawal plan should be ready in advance.

Class-type and collective claims

Bangladesh has no class action statute, but three routes allow defective goods claims to be brought for many people at once. The first is the representative suit. The Code of Civil Procedure 1908 allows one or more of numerous persons with the same interest in a suit to sue on behalf of all of them with the court's permission, with notice to those represented at the plaintiff's expense.[14] It suits buyers of the same defective batch, provided their interest is common.

The second is public interest litigation. A consumer organisation or affected citizen may file a writ petition in the High Court Division to compel regulators to enforce the law, as the 2019 food recall case shows.[11] Writs secure regulatory action, recalls and, occasionally, compensation, but are not a substitute for an individual damages claim.

The third is aggregation of individual complaints. Each consumer of a defective product may complain to the directorate within the 30-day limit, and coordinated complaints often prompt a single inquiry and a larger administrative fine, with each successful complainant entitled to the reward on fines realised.[3] Follow-on civil suits can then rely on the directorate's findings.

The table below compares the main routes. On a phone, scroll it sideways.

2025–2026 enforcement developments

Product liability law Bangladesh consumers rely on has been under review since the interim government took office. In March 2025 a nine-member committee was formed to review and amend the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009, and by August 2025 a draft had gone to the Ministry of Commerce. The draft proposed a penalty for hoarding essential goods, a higher fine for overpricing, coverage of online platforms, an appeal against fines imposed by directorate officers and new offences for obstruction and endangering users' safety.[12] Critics said it still lacked fundamental reform because the definition of consumer remained focused on end users.[12]

As at October 2026 we have not found any enacted amendment, and the 2009 Act continues to apply in its existing form. Under the elected government, the reform debate has shifted to capacity. In an interview published on 1 August 2026, the president of the Consumers Association of Bangladesh said complaints had risen roughly tenfold since the online complaint system was introduced, that 17 districts had no directorate officer, and that the Prime Minister had formed a high-powered committee after meeting field officers on 5 July 2026. CAB continues to call for a specialised consumer court or tribunal.[13]

Enforcement continues under the existing law. A BSS explainer in August 2026 restated the penalties and the 25 per cent reward to encourage reporting, and quoted a Supreme Court lawyer stressing that the Act's value depends on strict enforcement and prompt handling of complaints.[4] Online sellers remain a major source of complaints; TRW's guide to e-commerce law in Bangladesh covers the platform rules.

Practical guidance for consumers with defective goods

Most defective goods claims are won or lost in the first month. A consumer should act in this order:

• Preserve the evidence: keep the product, packaging, batch or serial number, receipt, warranty card, advertisements and any messages with the seller.
• Record the harm: photograph the defect and any injury, and keep medical records and repair quotes.
• Complain within 30 days: file with the DNCRP, or with BFSA for food, before the limitation period expires.
• Demand a remedy: send a written demand or legal notice for replacement, refund or compensation.
• Sue for compensation: where the loss is significant, file a civil suit under section 66 or in tort within the limitation period.

Product liability services for manufacturers, importers and retailers

For businesses, the exposure is cumulative: an administrative fine, a criminal case, a civil claim for five times the loss and reputational harm can all follow one defective batch. The most effective defence is preparation. Businesses should map which of their products need BSTI certification or BFSA registration, keep batch-level traceability records as section 44 of the Food Safety Act 2013 requires, review labels and advertising against the consumer and food laws, maintain a written recall plan and train staff to deal with directorate and mobile court visits.[5]

When a complaint arrives, the response should be coordinated. Statements made to a directorate officer or mobile court can be used in later civil proceedings, and an admission at a hearing can be decisive. TRW's consumer protection practice advises on product compliance, regulatory investigations, recalls and defective goods claims for both claimants and businesses.

What to watch in 2026 and beyond

Three questions will shape product liability law Bangladesh practice over the next year. The first is whether the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 amendment is revived and passed by the new Parliament, and whether it includes an appeal against directorate fines and online platform liability.[12] The second is whether the Prime Minister's committee on directorate capacity produces more officers and laboratories, which would make complaints about technical defects more effective.[13] The third is whether calls for a specialised consumer tribunal lead to legislation.[13]

Until then, the existing routes are effective when used together and used quickly. A consumer who complains within 30 days, keeps the evidence and follows up with a civil suit can recover a refund, replacement and multiplied compensation. A business that keeps its certifications, labels and traceability in order can answer most complaints before they become claims.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a product liability law in Bangladesh?

Product liability law Bangladesh has no single statute. Liability for defective goods arises under the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009, the Food Safety Act 2013, the BSTI Act 2018, the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023, the Sale of Goods Act 1930 and the common law of negligence.[1] [5] [9]

How long do I have to complain about defective goods?

A complaint to the consumer rights directorate must be made within 30 days of the cause of action under section 60 of the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009.[2] Civil suits have longer periods: one year for personal injury and three years for breach of contract.[10]

Do I get part of the fine if my complaint succeeds?

Yes. Under section 76 of the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009, 25 per cent of a fine realised is paid to the complainant, and section 62 of the Food Safety Act 2013 gives the same share of a Food Court fine.[3] [5]

Can I get compensation, not just a fine?

Yes, by a civil suit in the court of the Joint District Judge under section 66, which allows compensation of up to five times the assessed loss, or by a contract or tort claim.[2]

Can the court order a replacement or refund?

Yes. Section 67 allows the civil court to order replacement of the defective goods, their return with a refund of the price, or compensation, together with costs.[2]

Can I sue the manufacturer if I bought from a shop?

Yes. The Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 defines "seller" to include the producer, manufacturer and supplier, and a negligence claim can be brought against the manufacturer directly.[1]

What warranties does the Sale of Goods Act 1930 imply?

Section 16 implies a condition of fitness for a purpose the buyer made known, and of merchantable quality for goods bought by description from a dealer, subject to exceptions; section 15 implies correspondence with description. These terms can be excluded by express agreement under section 62.[9]

Who can order a product recall in Bangladesh?

BFSA can order unsafe food withdrawn under section 43 of the Food Safety Act 2013, and the drug licensing authority can order recall under section 26 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 2023. The High Court Division has also ordered withdrawal of substandard products in writ proceedings.[5] [7] [11]

Are class actions available for defective products?

Not as a statutory class action, but a representative suit under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 lets one or more persons with the same interest sue for all with the court's permission, and public interest writs can compel regulators to act.[14] [11]

Has the consumer protection law changed in 2025 or 2026?

A draft amendment was prepared in 2025, proposing appeals against fines, e-commerce coverage and higher penalties, but we have found no enacted amendment as at October 2026. Reform discussion in 2026 has focused on directorate capacity and a possible consumer tribunal.[12] [13]