Import Duty in Bangladesh 2026: Rates, Layers and Worked Calculations

by Barrister Tahmidur Rahman | Oct 20, 2026 | Insights, Tax & Regulatory | 0 comments

TRW Insight / Bangladesh

A Bangladesh import bill has six layers, each charged on a base that includes the last. Classification, exemption notifications and the date the goods declaration is registered decide whether the total is 17 per cent of value or close to 100.

Updated 20 October 2026Legal insightBangladesh22 min read

Import duty Bangladesh: the FY2026-27 framework

Import duty Bangladesh Customs collects is not one tax but six, stacked on top of each other. Customs duty and regulatory duty arise under the Customs Act 2023; supplementary duty, VAT and advance tax under the VAT and Supplementary Duty Act 2012; and advance income tax under the Income Tax Act 2023. Because each layer is charged on a base that already includes the layers before it, a 25 per cent customs duty can turn into a border bill close to the value of the goods themselves.

This guide is about the arithmetic and the disputes it produces. It explains each layer and its FY2026-27 rates, how the base is built, how HS classification and exemption notifications move the numbers, and four worked calculations. It ends with the reassessment, penalty and appeal points that matter when Customs disagrees with the importer. Clearance procedure, bonded warehouses and the wider structure of the Customs Act are covered in TRW's companion guide to customs law in Bangladesh.

Import duty Bangladesh — container stacks at a seaport awaiting customs assessment
Six layers of duty and tax are assessed on a single goods declaration

Summary: Customs duty is charged at the First Schedule rate on assessable value, regulatory duty on the same value, supplementary duty on value plus both duties, and VAT and advance tax on value plus all three. Advance income tax is charged on assessable value alone. Customs duty, regulatory duty and supplementary duty are a cost; VAT and advance tax can be recovered through the VAT return, and advance income tax is adjusted against income tax.

Key point: The duty rate is fixed by the classification, the exemption notification and the exchange rate in force on the day the goods declaration is registered, not the day the letter of credit was opened. Section 31 of the Customs Act 2023 makes a withdrawn exemption bite even on goods contracted for earlier, and regulatory duty notifications lapse every 30 June.

At a glance

01

Six layers

Customs duty, regulatory duty, supplementary duty, VAT, advance tax and advance income tax are collected together at the border.

02

Duty ceiling 25%

The maximum applied customs duty rate is 25 per cent; the simple average was 14.1 per cent in 2025.

03

RD reset

From 1 July 2026 regulatory duty runs in tiers of 5 to 25 per cent under a new notification.

04

Tax on tax

A consumer good at 25 per cent duty with 20 per cent supplementary duty can carry a total incidence near 96 per cent.

05

Three years

Customs generally has three years to raise a short-levy demand, and the importer three years to claim a refund.

Table of Contents

How import duty Bangladesh law imposes is built: the six layers

Section 18(1) of the Customs Act 2023 levies customs duty on all imported goods at the rates prescribed in the First Schedule or under any other law.[1] That single sentence is only the first layer. At the same counter, under the same goods declaration, Customs also collects levies imposed by two other statutes, and PwC describes the aggregate as the total tax incidence, or TTI.[6]

The six layers, and the law behind each, are:

  • Customs duty (CD): First Schedule to the Customs Act 2023, under section 18(1).[1]
  • Regulatory duty (RD): imposed by Government notification under section 18(2), on top of customs duty.[1]
  • Supplementary duty (SD): imposed under section 55 of the VAT and Supplementary Duty Act 2012 on goods listed in its Second Schedule.[2]
  • VAT: charged on taxable imports under section 15 of the VAT Act, with the importer liable under section 16.[2]
  • Advance tax (AT): an advance VAT payment under section 31 of the VAT Act.[2]
  • Advance income tax (AIT): collected by Customs under section 120 of the Income Tax Act 2023.[3]

Two practical consequences follow. First, a quotation that mentions only "the duty rate" is incomplete; the importer needs all six figures for the HS line. Second, the layers have different owners inside the revenue administration and different credit rules, so a dispute about one layer can have knock-on effects for the others. A higher assessable value, for example, raises every one of the six.

Small consignments

The proviso to section 18(1) sets a floor. Duties and taxes leviable by Customs are not collected unless the value of the goods in one consignment exceeds Tk 4,000, a figure raised from Tk 2,000 by the Finance Ordinance 2025.[1] The same amount works as a floor on refunds: section 34 disallows a refund claim below the section 18 figure.

Customs duty slabs and the First Schedule

Customs duty is the only layer set directly in the tariff. Bangladesh applies customs duty in seven slabs between 1 and 25 per cent, alongside duty-free lines; the 25 per cent ceiling has held since 2004 and the average has stayed around 13 to 14 per cent for about fifteen years.[10] [11] The WTO's 2026 tariff profile, using 2025 data, puts the simple average MFN applied rate at 14.1 per cent and the maximum at 25 per cent.[11]

The rates are tiered by stage of processing. In 2025, 61.2 per cent of agricultural lines and 39 per cent of non-agricultural lines sat in the band above 15 and up to 25 per cent, while 31.3 per cent of non-agricultural lines sat above zero and up to 5 per cent.[11] In broad terms, capital machinery and basic raw materials attract the lowest rates, intermediate goods the middle rates, and finished consumer goods the top rate. That tiering is why the same importer can pay very different import duty Bangladesh rates on components and on the finished product.

What changed for FY2026-27

The FY2026-27 budget was placed before Parliament on 11 June 2026. It revised 261 of the 7,611 tariff lines, cutting import duty on 69 products to meet WTO commitments, reducing or withdrawing supplementary duty on nine, and proposing 15 per cent VAT at import on 20 products that previously bore none.[9] Of the 955 lines Bangladesh has bound at the WTO, 60 had been above their bound rates, which explains the targeted cuts.[9]

The budget became law through the Finance Act 2026, Act No. 96 of 2026, dated 30 June 2026.[4] Tariff changes take effect through the amended First Schedule and through notifications issued the same day, so importers should check the line-by-line schedule rather than budget summaries.

Regulatory duty: the second layer

Regulatory duty is a policy tool. Section 18(2) lets the Government impose it by gazette notification on any goods in the First Schedule, at a rate not exceeding twice the highest customs duty rate in that Schedule; the explanation confirms it may exceed the customs duty on the same goods.[1] Section 18(3) makes it additional to customs duty, and section 18(4) provides that every notification lapses automatically at the end of the financial year in which it is issued, unless rescinded earlier.[1]

The automatic lapse means regulatory duty is reset every year. For FY2026-27 the Government issued S.R.O. No. 248-Ain/2026/78/Customs on 30 June 2026 under section 18(2), effective from 1 July 2026.[8] The budget had announced that the nine-tier structure would become six tiers, with the lowest tier rising from 3 to 5 per cent, the 30 and 35 per cent tiers falling to 25 per cent, and the existing 3 per cent regulatory duty on 113 products withdrawn.[9]

The notification applies 5 per cent regulatory duty to goods whose First Schedule customs duty is 25 per cent, and then lists specific HS lines at higher rates. Examples include onions at 5 per cent, shelled cashew nuts at 10 per cent, raw beet sugar at 15 per cent, cut flowers, bananas and gypsum board at 20 per cent, and husked rice at 25 per cent.[8] It also exempts categories such as goods for 100 per cent export-oriented bonded warehouses, diplomatic imports and specified relief goods.[8]

Import duty Bangladesh — trade documents and calculator for a regulatory duty and landed cost check
Regulatory duty resets every 1 July under a new notification

Supplementary duty, VAT and advance tax under the VAT Act

The next three layers are collected by Customs but governed by the VAT and Supplementary Duty Act 2012. Section 27 ties the timing and method of collecting import VAT to the way import duty is collected under the Customs Act, which is why all six layers appear on one assessment notice.[2] The VAT side of the credit chain is covered in TRW's guide to VAT in Bangladesh; this section deals only with what happens at import.

Supplementary duty

Supplementary duty is a selective levy on goods and services listed in the Second Schedule to the VAT Act.[2] PwC gives a range of 10 to 67 per cent, and up to 500 per cent in certain cases, payable only at the first stage of supply.[6] PRI counts thirteen supplementary duty slabs between 10 and 500 per cent.[10] Supplementary duty paid at import generally cannot be credited; KPMG notes the exception for SD paid on raw materials used in exported goods.[7]

The Finance Act 2026 moved supplementary duty at import on a number of lines. Washing machines, catfish fillet and bus or lorry tyres up to a 16-inch rim moved from nil to 20 per cent; natural honey and retail-packed pet food from nil to 10 per cent; acetate tow and filter rod from nil to 300 per cent; while dried fish and mattresses fell from 20 to 10 per cent.[5]

VAT at import

VAT at import is 15 per cent unless the import is exempted by notification.[6] Section 26 exempts imports specified in the First Schedule to the VAT Act.[2] The base is fixed by section 28: customs value plus import duty, supplementary duty and other duties and taxes, but not advance tax or advance income tax.[2] In practice regulatory duty is included in that base, as PwC's illustration shows.[6]

The 2026 VAT exemption notification, S.R.O. 127-AIN/2026/332-Mushak of 7 June 2026, made iron ore, LP gas, tractor tyres, unworked diamonds and specified telecom equipment taxable at import, and exempted refractory bricks, dialysis filters, computer printers, electric chargers and flash memory cards.[5]

Advance tax

Section 31 requires advance tax on imported goods at 2 per cent for inputs imported to manufacture goods and 7.5 per cent in other cases, applied to the same base value as VAT.[2] A registered importer recovers it as a decreasing adjustment in the related tax period or within the following six tax periods. Under section 31(3A), a commercial importer that has paid 7.5 per cent advance tax does not charge VAT on its first sale after importation if local value addition does not exceed 50 per cent and a prescribed invoice is issued.[2] An unregistered importer must apply to the Commissioner for a refund.

Advance income tax at import

Section 120 of the Income Tax Act 2023 requires the Commissioner of Customs to collect tax at source on imported goods at the prescribed rate, not exceeding 20 per cent of their value.[3] The standard figure in published illustrations is 5 per cent of assessable value; lower rates apply to specified goods under the rules.[6] Unlike VAT and advance tax, AIT is calculated on assessable value alone, not on value plus duties.

The Finance Act 2026 changed what AIT means for an importer. KPMG reports that the broad minimum tax regime has been replaced with a narrower turnover tax framework, and that where withholding or advance income tax exceeds the taxpayer's computed liability the excess is now refundable.[7] For a loss-making or low-margin importer, AIT is therefore closer to a genuine prepayment than it used to be, provided the return and refund claim are properly made. Source tax credits generally are explained in TRW's guide to withholding tax in Bangladesh.

Assessable value: the base for import duty Bangladesh charges

Every ad valorem layer starts from assessable value. Section 27(1), as substituted by the Finance Ordinance 2025, adopts the price actually paid or payable, or its nearest ascertainable equivalent, for the goods sold in international trade between unrelated parties under fully competitive conditions, with the detail left to rules under section 27(2).[1] Those rules are the Customs Valuation (Determination of Value of Imported Goods) Rules 2000, issued as SRO 57-Law/2000/1821/Cus, which follow the WTO Valuation Agreement.[12]

Where transaction value cannot be used, the rules fall back, in order, on identical goods, similar goods, deductive value, computed value and a fallback method.[12] Related-party prices are accepted only in specified circumstances.[6]

Exchange rate and minimum values

Foreign-currency values are converted at the average rate for the 30 days preceding the last working day of the third week of the month before the month in which the goods declaration is registered, as fixed by the Board.[1] Section 27(5) also lets the Government fix tariff values or minimum values; where the declared value is higher, the declared value is used.[1] The FY2026-27 budget withdrew minimum values under 14 HS headings, reduced them under three, rationalised them under 27 and introduced new ones under four.[9]

When Customs rejects the invoice

Valuation is where most import duty Bangladesh disputes start. In Amirul Islam (Mithu Carpets) v Commissioner of Customs, ICD Kamalapur, Writ Petition No 4583 of 2024, Customs had assessed carpets at US$4.32 per square metre against a declared US$1.50 and an earlier assessment of identical goods at US$2.66.[13] On 30 April 2026 the High Court Division directed the Commissioner to finally assess the goods under the Valuation Rules 2000, considering the value of identical goods released by the same Customs House, within 30 days.[13] The Finance Act 2026 now requires officers to state reasons when transaction value is rejected.[5]

HS classification and why it decides the rate

Section 2(32) defines HS classification as classification under the First Schedule, framed on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of the World Customs Organization.[1] The First Schedule carries 7,611 national tariff lines.[9] Every other layer hangs off that code: the customs duty slab, whether regulatory duty applies and at what tier, whether the goods are in the supplementary duty schedule, and whether any exemption notification covers them.

Under section 30, duties are assessed using the classification, rules of origin, exchange rate and rates in force on the date the goods declaration is registered.[1] Under section 91, an Assistant Commissioner or above may later reassess, altering the accepted classification, origin or customs value, but must give written reasons and an opportunity to be heard; the reassessed amount is payable within 30 working days of the demand.[1]

Rulings before shipment

The most effective protection is a ruling. Section 258 lets the Board issue customs rulings on tariff classification, duty rates or valuation, and advance rulings on classification and origin before importation; both bind the applicant and all customs officers.[1] Section 257 lets any person ask the appropriate officer for a reasoned decision on how the Act applies, appealable in turn.[1] This matters because classification disputes are excluded from customs ADR under section 217(2)(d).[1]

For products that sit between headings, such as multi-function machines, kits, parts and accessories, or goods that change heading once assembled, the classification file should contain the technical data sheet, the heading and subheading notes relied on, and any precedent assessments. That file is what an advance ruling application, a reply to a section 91 notice or an appeal will be built on.

Import duty Bangladesh — cargo inspection used to confirm HS classification
The HS code decides every other layer of the bill

Exemptions, concessions and SROs

Statutory rates are only the starting point. Section 25(1) lets the Government, after consulting the Board and in the public interest, exempt any imported goods from all or part of the duties and taxes by gazette notification; section 25(2) allows exemptions to implement international or reciprocal agreements, and section 25(3) allows a special order in an individual case.[1] A proviso adds that where an exemption is given in a financial year, the rate of duty on those goods cannot be increased more than once in that year.

Concessionary SROs usually work by exempting duty "in excess of" a stated rate, which is how a line with 25 per cent statutory duty ends up paying 1 or 5 per cent. The Finance Act 2026 package illustrates the technique:[5]

  • Renewable energy: exemption from customs duty, regulatory duty, supplementary duty and advance tax, and from advance income tax in excess of 2 per cent, from 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2031.
  • Electric-vehicle parts: extensive customs concessions for parts and spares for four- and three-wheelers and electric buses and trucks, to 30 June 2031.
  • Battery raw materials: customs duty in excess of 1 or 15 per cent, plus regulatory duty, supplementary duty and VAT, exempted for lithium- and sodium-ion battery manufacture to 30 June 2030.
  • E-bikes and LED lamps: customs duty in excess of 1 or 5 per cent for e-bikes, and in excess of 5 or 10 per cent for LED and energy-saving lamps, to 30 June 2030.
  • Withdrawals: import duty exemptions for generator parts, CNG and LPG station equipment, air purifiers and vehicles for PPP projects were withdrawn.

Every concession has conditions: end-use, registration with a sponsoring authority, a recommendation letter, or a quantity limit. Customs checks them at assessment, and a later audit can claw back the duty if a condition was not met. Sector incentives outside customs are covered in TRW's guide to tax incentives for foreign investors in Bangladesh.

Preferential rates and bonded imports

Preferential tariffs under SAFTA, APTA and other trade agreements are implemented by separate notifications, which section 25(2) authorises, and depend on a valid certificate of origin.[1] Bonded warehouse and temporary-import regimes defer or remove duty on inputs for export production, and the Finance Act 2026 allowed ten more industries without bonded warehouse licences to import raw materials duty-free against a bank guarantee.[5]

Timing traps

Section 31 provides that the applicable value and rate include any duty that becomes payable because an exemption or concession was withdrawn, whether before or after the sale contract or letter of credit.[1] Combined with the annual lapse of regulatory duty notifications, this means goods afloat on 30 June can land into a different rate. Importers with long lead times should model both the current and the proposed rates.

Total tax incidence: four worked import duty Bangladesh calculations

The calculations below follow the sequence PwC uses in its published illustration: customs duty and regulatory duty on assessable value; supplementary duty on value plus both duties; VAT and advance tax on value plus all three duties; and AIT on assessable value alone.[6] PwC's own example, with 15 per cent customs duty, 5 per cent regulatory duty, no supplementary duty, 15 per cent VAT, 5 per cent AIT and 7.5 per cent advance tax, produces a total tax incidence of 52 per cent.[6]

Each example starts from an assessable value of Tk 10,00,000. The rates are illustrative combinations drawn from the current structure; the actual rates for any product must be read from the First Schedule, the regulatory duty notification, the VAT Act schedules and any applicable exemption SRO for its HS line.

Example 1: raw material for a manufacturer

A VAT-registered manufacturer imports an industrial input at 5 per cent customs duty, with no regulatory or supplementary duty. Advance tax is 2 per cent because the goods are inputs for manufacture.[2]

  • Customs duty, 5% of Tk 10,00,000: Tk 50,000
  • Regulatory duty and supplementary duty: nil
  • VAT base: Tk 10,50,000; VAT at 15%: Tk 1,57,500
  • Advance tax, 2% of Tk 10,50,000: Tk 21,000
  • AIT, 5% of Tk 10,00,000: Tk 50,000
  • Total paid at the border: Tk 2,78,500, a total tax incidence of 27.85 per cent

Only the Tk 50,000 customs duty is a true cost. The VAT and advance tax return through the VAT return, and the AIT is adjusted against income tax. The cash-flow cost is real, however: Tk 2,28,500 is tied up until credits are used.

Example 2: finished consumer good

A trading company imports a finished good at the 25 per cent top rate. Under the FY2026-27 notification, goods at 25 per cent customs duty carry 5 per cent regulatory duty.[8] Assume the line also carries 20 per cent supplementary duty, the rate the Finance Act 2026 applied to washing machines.[5]

  • Customs duty, 25%: Tk 2,50,000
  • Regulatory duty, 5%: Tk 50,000
  • Supplementary duty, 20% of Tk 13,00,000: Tk 2,60,000
  • VAT base: Tk 15,60,000; VAT at 15%: Tk 2,34,000
  • Advance tax, 7.5% of Tk 15,60,000: Tk 1,17,000
  • AIT, 5% of Tk 10,00,000: Tk 50,000
  • Total paid: Tk 9,61,000, a total tax incidence of 96.1 per cent

Here Tk 5,60,000, or 56 per cent of value, is irrecoverable cost before the goods leave the port. Stacking of this kind is behind PRI's estimate that para-tariffs lift average trade taxes on imports to about 55 per cent by FY2027.[10]

Example 3: the same good, misclassified

Suppose the importer in Example 2 declares the goods under a heading at 10 per cent customs duty with no regulatory or supplementary duty. On that declaration it pays customs duty of Tk 1,00,000, VAT of Tk 1,65,000, advance tax of Tk 82,500 and AIT of Tk 50,000: Tk 3,97,500 in total. If Customs reclassifies to the correct heading, the liability becomes Tk 9,61,000, a shortfall of Tk 5,63,500.

The exposure does not end there. If the shortfall arises from an untrue statement or false document, section 171 provides a penalty of not less than the duties and taxes evaded and up to twice that amount, with confiscation, or on conviction imprisonment of up to five years.[1] On these figures that is a penalty between Tk 5,63,500 and Tk 11,27,000, plus interest at 1 per cent a month under section 32.[1] A classification error is rarely a rounding issue.

Example 4: renewable energy equipment under the 2026 concession

Solar equipment within the Finance Act 2026 concession pays no customs duty, regulatory duty, supplementary duty or advance tax, and AIT only at 2 per cent.[5] On Tk 10,00,000, and assuming the line remains liable to 15 per cent VAT, the border cash is Tk 1,50,000 VAT and Tk 20,000 AIT, a total incidence of 17 per cent, nearly all of it recoverable. The same goods imported without meeting the SRO conditions would be assessed at full rates.

The table below sets the four examples side by side. On a phone, scroll it sideways.

Worked examples on an assessable value of Tk 10,00,000 (illustrative rates)
ItemEx 1: raw materialEx 2: consumer goodEx 3: misdeclaredEx 4: solar concession
Customs duty5% = 50,00025% = 2,50,00010% = 1,00,000Nil
Regulatory dutyNil5% = 50,000NilNil
Supplementary dutyNil20% = 2,60,000NilNil
VAT 15%1,57,5002,34,0001,65,0001,50,000
Advance tax2% = 21,0007.5% = 1,17,0007.5% = 82,500Nil
AIT5% = 50,0005% = 50,0005% = 50,0002% = 20,000
Total tax incidence27.85%96.1%39.75% declared17%
Irrecoverable cost5%56%10% declaredNil

Calculating import duty Bangladesh step by step

A reliable landed-cost model follows the same order every time. The steps below are the ones we use when advising on a new product line or a disputed assessment.

Step 01

Fix the HS line

Identify the eight-digit First Schedule code from the technical specification, and seek an advance ruling where the heading is arguable.

Step 02

Read every rate

Take the customs duty from the First Schedule, regulatory duty from the current notification, supplementary duty and VAT status from the VAT Act schedules.

Step 03

Check exemption SROs

Confirm whether a concessionary or preferential notification covers the line and whether you can meet and prove its conditions.

Step 04

Build assessable value

Start from the transaction value on CIF terms, apply the Valuation Rules 2000 and check any minimum value for the heading.

Step 05

Apply the sequence

Charge CD and RD on value, SD on value plus duties, VAT and AT on value plus all duties, and AIT on value alone.

Step 06

Separate cost from credit

Treat CD, RD and SD as landed cost and track VAT, AT and AIT as recoverable credits with cash-flow cost.

Step 07

Lock the date

Note the registration date of the goods declaration and the exchange-rate period, and model any 1 July rate change.

Step 08

Keep the file

Retain classification, valuation and SRO evidence for at least three years after release, and longer where any dispute is open.

Two checks are worth adding. First, confirm whether a buyer's licence, BSTI certificate or other permission is a condition of import, because missing paperwork delays release and can disqualify a concession; see TRW's guides to import-export licensing and BSTI certification. Second, record the exchange rate period that will apply, since it is set by reference to the month before registration.[1]

Customs duty compliance and disputes

Disputes over import duty Bangladesh Customs has assessed fall into three groups: classification, valuation and entitlement to an exemption. The procedural framework is the same for each, and it is shorter than most importers expect.

Provisional assessment and release

Where goods need testing or documents are incomplete, section 93 allows provisional assessment and release against a guarantee. Final assessment must follow within 120 working days, or within 120 working days of the final order in any pending case, and the difference is then paid or refunded.[1] This is often the commercially sensible way to get goods out while the argument continues.

Time limits for demands and refunds

Under section 204(2), apart from section 33 cases, no demand for duties or taxes may be issued more than three years after the relevant date, usually the date of release.[1] Section 33 is the exception that matters. Where duty is short-levied because of a false statement or document, the demand-cum-show-cause notice has no time limit; where it results from negligence, mistake or misinterpretation and is at least Tk 4,000, section 33(2A) authorises a notice.[1] In the other direction, section 34 bars refunds claimed more than three years after payment.

Interest

Unpaid duties carry simple interest of 1 per cent a month from the due date, capped at 24 months, and dues remaining after clearance carry 1 per cent a month from the date of clearance.[1] Under section 223, interest keeps running during an appeal unless the demand is finally held to have been improper.

Policy

Ministry of Finance, Internal Resources Division

Issues regulatory duty and exemption notifications under sections 18(2) and 25 of the Customs Act 2023.

Rulings

National Board of Revenue

Issues customs rulings and advance rulings on classification, rates, valuation and origin under section 258.

Assessment

Customs Houses and stations

Assess and collect all six layers, reassess under section 91 and issue demand notices.

First appeal

Commissioner of Customs (Appeal)

Hears appeals against orders of officers below Commissioner within three months, extendable by two.

Tribunal

Customs, Excise and VAT Appellate Tribunal

Hears appeals from Commissioners and the Commissioner (Appeal), with special benches for rate and value cases.

Court

High Court Division

Hears appeals from the Tribunal and writ petitions where an officer acts without jurisdiction.

Appeals and ADR

Orders by officers below Commissioner go to the Commissioner of Customs (Appeal) within three months, extendable by two months for sufficient cause.[1] An appeal against a duty demand on goods no longer under customs control, or a penalty, requires a deposit of 10 per cent of the duty or fine, which may be waived for undue hardship.[1] Further appeals lie to the Customs, Excise and VAT Appellate Tribunal and then the High Court Division; the route, time limits and the writ jurisdiction are set out in TRW's guide to customs law in Bangladesh and its guide to writ petitions.

Valuation disputes, and penalties linked to valuation and classification, can go to ADR before a Board-appointed facilitator. Classification disputes themselves, fraud, misdeclaration of description, quantity or HS code, and bond violations cannot.[1] The VAT Act appeal deposits cut to 1 per cent by the Finance Act 2026 do not apply to customs appeals; PwC reports no equivalent customs change.[5]

When to instruct a customs duty lawyer

Most routine import duty questions are settled by a competent clearing and forwarding agent. Legal advice earns its cost at specific points:

  • Before a new product line: where the HS heading is arguable or the duty swing between candidate headings is large, an advance ruling under section 258 is cheaper than a later reassessment.[1]
  • When relying on an SRO: to confirm the conditions, the documentary proof Customs will want and the audit risk if the end-use changes.
  • On receipt of a section 33 or section 91 notice: the written reply frames the whole dispute, and the penalty exposure under section 171 can exceed the duty itself.[1]
  • When goods are held: to negotiate provisional release under section 93 or, where an officer acts without jurisdiction, to seek writ relief, as the importer did in the 2026 carpet case.[13]
  • For refunds and credits: to file within the three-year refund window and to claim excess AIT now refundable after the 2026 reforms.[7]

The common mistakes we see are avoidable: copying an HS code from a supplier's export invoice, assuming last year's regulatory duty still applies after 30 June, treating an exemption SRO as unconditional, and paying a reassessment without reserving the right to appeal. Each of these converts a planning issue into a dispute.

Import duty Bangladesh — counsel and importer reviewing a customs demand notice
The reply to a demand notice frames the whole dispute

Import duty Bangladesh outlook for 2026-27

Three developments will shape import duty Bangladesh rates over the next year. First, LDC graduation: in July 2026 ECOSOC was reported to be recommending a three-year extension of Bangladesh's graduation date from November 2026 to November 2029, subject to approval by the UN General Assembly.[14] The tariff rationalisation in the FY2026-27 budget was framed as preparation for graduation, and the pressure to cut para-tariffs will continue whatever the final date.[9]

Second, the WTO alignment of the 60 lines above bound rates and the continued withdrawal of minimum values will reduce some protective layers while VAT at import is extended to previously exempt goods.[9] Third, valuation practice is becoming more rule-bound, with reasons now required for rejecting transaction value and the High Court Division insisting on the Valuation Rules hierarchy.[5] [13]

TRW advises importers, manufacturers and foreign investors on classification, valuation, exemption SROs, advance rulings and duty disputes. Our customs and trade compliance practice and tax disputes team can model a landed cost or answer a demand notice, or you can contact TRW directly.

Frequently asked questions

What taxes are paid on imports into Bangladesh?

Up to six: customs duty, regulatory duty, supplementary duty, VAT, advance tax and advance income tax, all collected by Customs on the goods declaration.[6]

What is the highest customs duty rate in Bangladesh?

The maximum applied customs duty rate is 25 per cent. Regulatory and supplementary duty can take the total well above that.[11]

How is total tax incidence calculated?

Customs and regulatory duty are charged on assessable value, supplementary duty on value plus both, VAT and advance tax on value plus all three, and AIT on value alone. The sum, as a percentage of value, is the TTI.[6]

Which import taxes can be recovered?

VAT and advance tax can be credited through the VAT return, and AIT adjusted against income tax. Customs, regulatory and supplementary duty are generally a cost.[6]

What is the advance tax rate at import?

7.5 per cent in general and 2 per cent for inputs imported for manufacture, on the same base as VAT.[2]

Does regulatory duty change every year?

Yes. Every regulatory duty notification lapses at the end of the financial year, and the FY2026-27 notification took effect on 1 July 2026.[1] [8]

Is there a duty-free threshold for small consignments?

Duties and taxes are not collected on a consignment whose value does not exceed Tk 4,000.[1]

Can I get a binding decision on classification before importing?

Yes. Section 258 of the Customs Act 2023 allows the Board to issue advance rulings on classification and origin that bind the applicant and all customs officers.[1]

How long can Customs reopen an assessment?

Generally three years from release, but there is no time limit where duty was short-levied because of a false statement or document.[1]

What is the penalty for misdeclaring goods?

A penalty of not less than the duties and taxes evaded and up to twice that amount, with confiscation, or on conviction imprisonment of up to five years.[1]

Source register

Primary legal and regulatory sources

Materials checked on 20 October 2026. Confirm the current official text before relying on any provision.

  1. Customs Act 2023 (Act No. 57 of 2023), authentic English text as amended to the Finance Ordinance 2025 — National Board of Revenue
  2. Value Added Tax and Supplementary Duty Act 2012, authentic English text (sections 15, 16, 26, 27, 28, 31 and 55) — Laws of Bangladesh
  3. Income Tax Act 2023 (Act No. XII of 2023), authentic English text, section 120 — National Board of Revenue
  4. Finance Act 2026 (Act No. 96 of 2026), 30 June 2026 — Laws of Bangladesh
  5. PwC Bangladesh, July 2026 — Finance Act 2026: Key Amendments
  6. PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Bangladesh: Other taxes, including total tax incidence illustration (reviewed 31 July 2026)
  7. KPMG in Bangladesh (Rahman Rahman Huq) — Bangladesh Tax 2026
  8. S.R.O. No. 248-Ain/2026/78/Customs, 30 June 2026 — regulatory duty under section 18(2) of the Customs Act 2023 (Bangla)
  9. The Daily Star, 19 June 2026 — NBR revises tariffs on 261 lines ahead of LDC graduation
  10. Policy Research Institute of Bangladesh, Zaidi Sattar, 26 July 2026 — Bangladesh's tariff complexity
  11. World Trade Organization — World Tariff Profiles 2026: Bangladesh
  12. Bangladesh Customs — Valuation procedure and the Customs Valuation Rules 2000 (SRO 57-Law/2000/1821/Cus)
  13. High Court Division, Writ Petition No. 4583 of 2024, Amirul Islam (Mithu Carpets) v Commissioner of Customs, ICD Kamalapur (30 April 2026)
  14. The Financial Express, 23 July 2026 — Bangladesh getting 3-year time extension for LDC graduation

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